http://www.slideshare.net/AnnaDalin/05-practical-expressions?related=2
http://www.slideshare.net/alexandraalvarez/conversation-expressions
there are different ways to greet people
Greet People
Hello! zubair,. how are you.
pretty well, thanks.and you. I'm all right,thanks.and you Ok thank you./cann't complaint /not bad.
quite well thank you and you
very fine, thanks.
Good morning,Sir Zubair,how are you.
fine, thank you.what about you?
pretty good,thank you
greet people you know already
hey,Zubair.what's new nothing much
hi,Zubair what's up nothing much
long time, no see yeah
saying goodbye politely after meeting someone
good to see you.have a good day
pleased to see you
so long
take care
bye bye
all the best
ok God bless you
ok good luck to you
leaving and saying googbye
formal Responses
nice to see you again. nice to see you
well, it's getting late ok, see you.
Well, I'm affraid, I have to go now. thank you for coming or please, stay for a little while.
have a
for teacher
Ok, everyone, it's time to leave (you) before comimg tomorrow to make sure that you have completed your home work.
Ok OK mam
introducing yourselves
I would like to introduce myself
let me introduce myself my name is m fakhar zubair..........................
introducing others
I would like you to meet zubair
I would like to introduce you to my friend Eden.
Eden this is zubair.Zubair this is Eden.
accepted facts
It is well-established fact that..............
it is common knowledge that...................
it is fact that
advice and suggestions
My advice would be to stop
it might be a good idea to stop
I would strongly advise you to
you'd (really) better + verb........
asking about tomorrow
have you got anything planned for tomorrow.
got any plan for tomorrow.
what's on the cards for tomorrow
how is tomorrow looking
busy tomorrow
asking for approval
Would you approve of (doing sth)
what is your attitude to the idea of..................
what would you say if I(did it)
are you in favour of (me doing sth)
do you think anyone would mind if .....................
asking for help
can you give me a hand with this
can I ask a favour?
could you help me a second.
I cann't help? can you help me?
I need some help.please.
asking people to wait
sorry, I am a bit tied up right now.
hang a moment. please.
give me a second.
you'll just have to be patient.
asking sb's opinions
what do you think of (.....)
what's your opinions about
what's your stand on
what do you make up of that
attitude about the future
I cann't wait untill...............
I am counting the days till...............
I've set my heart on
sooner or later I'll get round to...........
I am saving up to.............
I am trying to put off............ as long as I can
being an expert
you wouldn't believe what he knows about...............
he is a walking encyclopaedia. of .................................
She's an authority on English Subject
he knows all about............................
being sure certain
I'm quite sure.......
I'm pretty sure...........
I'm absolutely positive.........
I'm quite certain about,,,,
I'm hundred percent certain that............
I'm utterly convinced ..................
being worried
I've been worried sick about...........
it's been keeping me awake at night.
I'm scared stiff/to death that
speculating
my guess is that
I wouldn't be surprised if she would leave back
it's likely that
in all probability, she will leave her soon.
showing concern
are you alright
what's getting you down?
what's up with you/
she looks like she could do with a shoulder to cry on?
what's the matter?
criticising mistakes
you made a right mess of that.
what were you thinking of?
what on Earth did you do that
what the hell did you do that
that was a bit uncalled for?
Delaying Answering
well, you see.....
how shall I put it?
what 's the word for it?
let me get this right.
It's on the tip of my tongue.
disapproving of an action
====================================================================================
EXPRESSIONS IN CLASS ROOM
ATTENDANCE IN CLASS
listen everybody,
hold your peace/tongue.stop your gab.stop being silly/childish.
I'm going to call the roll so listen to your name carefully,otherwise I'm not responsible for the absent.
LEAVING THE CLASS
See you in room 7 after the break.
get together in tuition.
all of you get outside now. Everybody outside.hurry up and come out.
form the queue and wait for your turn.
get into the queue.
get back in line.
everybody line up.
ABOUT LESSON
Let's begin our lesson now.
Is everybody ready to start?
Open your books at page...
today we're going to start unite 6 ................at page 80
Turn to page ...
Repeat after me.
Again, please.
You have five minutes to do this.
Who's next?
Any questions?
read aloud at your place.
I'm afraid I can't speak any louder
we'll do the rest of this chapter next time.
Do exercise 10 on page 23 for your homework.
This is your homework for today.
if any problem so far you can ask me right now. No let's move on.
use unless instead of if .not to keep the same meaning
note from these examples( I'm going to write on the blackboard).
make a note of this (I will check the time after that)
CALLING FOR ATTENTION
Can I have your attention please?
HOMEWORK
Prepare the next chapter for Monday.
SEATS
get back to your seats.
back to your places.
PUNISHMENT
Do you mind if I sit down,sir?
WAITING FOR A MINUTE
I'm a bit tight up right now.
hang on a moment,please!
The bell hasn't gone yet.
just a moment,please.
Excuse me for a moment.
I'll be back in a moment.
Carry on with the exercise while I'm away.
PERIOD
The period has drawn to a completion.
WORK
Work by yourselves.
Have you finished?
Open your books at page 52.
Come out and write it on the board.
Could you try the next one?
Who would like to read?
Whose turn is it to read?
Which question are you on?
Next one, please.
You have ten minutes to do this.
· Your time is up.
Can anybody correct this sentence?
What page are we on?
• Shall I go on?
Come up to the (black) board.
Use a pencil to write in the workbook.
Take out your books, please.
Give out the books,please.
Alicia, share your book with Laura, please
Have you got a pencil? Can I borrow your
rubber?
Has anyone got a spare pen/pencil/rubber?
Can you lend me a rubber, please?
Show me your work.
Put your hand up if you don’t understand.
It’s not fair!• It’s your turn. It’s my tur
Wipe that silly smile off your face!
ASKING QUESTIONS
can I ask a question. yes you can/sure/why not
Can you help me please?
I am sorry ...
I am late
I don’t know
I don’t understand
I forgot to bring it.
POLITE PERMISSION
Excuse me ...
May I come in
May I sit down
May I talk to my classmate?
May I go to toilet.
May I go to see the principal?
May I go to drink water?
Look this way.
Stop talking.
Listen to what ... is saying
Hard lines!
Never mind.
Better luck next time
I'm sorry (about that).
I'm truly sorry.
· Are your desks tidy?
· Don't forget to bring your ... tomorrow
SHORT PHRASES
CLASSROOM COMMANDS
tidy your desks?
tidy your classroom please?
take out your text books
please sit down
Please stand up
come here please
look this way
open your book to the page 36
open your book at the back
open your books to the front
open your notebooks.
answer the question.
use a led penciple
please underline this word
stop working and listen to me.
look at the blackboard.
hands up/
quickly
hurry up
speak louder
speak slower.
say it again please
you have 10 more minutes
clean the blackboard.
close the door
how do you spell...........?
what does ............mean?
switch off the fan/tube/energysaver/tap/motor/computer.
time's up
stop wrting everone.
monitor! collect the papers.
may I come in please.
yes you may
what does this mean?
how will it be pronounced?
========================================
what's the meaning of ............?
have you any spare pencil?
ASKING FOR PERMISSIONS
May I...................... go to my brother's classroom? Yes,you may but don't be long.
May I.......................go to the toilet?
........................go to drink water?
talk to John?
go to see the principal/teacher...........?
sit down?
come in?
MAKING POLITE REQUESTS
can you repeat that again,please?
can I take your pencil/book etc?
can I borrow your pencil,please?
can someone lend me a book,please?
Teacher can I go to the board?
one more time,please.
TEACHER'S COMMANDS
how do you say jana in English?
how do you spell educate?
What does arise mean?
Did you do your homework?
look at exercies 2 at page 45 in unite 9..........................?
Yes,I did.
No, I didn't.
turn to page 6 in your workbook.
Is it difficult?
what else?
anything else?
stop playing with pencil.
stop talking and listen please.
don't start yet.you can start now.
put your hand up if you don't understand?
clean the board.
wipe that silly smile off your face?
stop acting the clown.
hand in your homework?
don't let it happen again? but next be careful.
where have you been?
why are you late?
stand by the desk.
show your exercise.
you have five minutes to do this.
students .time's up.
stop writing.
monitor collect the papers.
do essay .........on page 45 for your homework.
go to page 50.open your books at page 55.
are there are questions?
you spelt wrong.
Write it separately
write it together
SPEAKING PROCESS
first of all...........
secondly
next........
after that...
then
finely.......
PUNISHMENT
put your hands up
put your hands down.
REMARKS ABOUT STUDENT
Your're turning to the worse.
OTHER PHRASES
It makes me no difference.It's all the same to me.
PHRASES WHEN GIVING FEEDBACK TO STUDENTS
mind your own business.
I have nothing to do with that.
AN ABSOLUTELY MARVELOUS BOOK CONTAINING SPOKEN ENGLISH STUFF.
http://www.slideshare.net/priyaNIIT/day-to-day-dialogues?related=1
============================
are you busy now?
are you ready now?
are you tired ?
are you married ?
are you angery with me?
are you interested that ?
are you employed?
are you mad?
are you Mr Zubair?
are the doors open?
is the admission open?
is she your sister?
are you aware ?
are they your relatives?
are you from abroad?
What is your name ?
what is your hobby?
what does she like?
what did you say?
what makes you laugh?
what brought you here?
what time is it?
what is time by your watch?
what is your father?
what do you do on Sunday?
what is your opinion?
what do you want?
what have you decided?
what time may hold in store?
what are you up to?
which question are you on ?
who has finished?
==============================
GOOD MANNERS
thanks /thank you very much.thanks a lot.
you have been a great help.thanks you very much.
it's nice of you to arrange everything at a short notice?
that's ok.
it's ok.
no problem.
I don't find words to express my heart felt thanks to you.
WELCOME MANNERS
please come.
nice to see you.
I'm very pleased to have to here./see you here.
please have your seat.be seated please.
would you like sth to drink?
make you self at home.make yourself comfortable.
don't stand on ceremony.
please help youself.
please try this dish.It's quite tasty.
would you like second serving?
That's enough,thank you.
not really.
That's fine, thank you.
FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS
hey.....how dare you talk to me like that?
were you out of your mind to do such a thing?
stop telling me what to do and mind your business.
what the hell did you do that?
you are the right mess of that?
get lost
get out of my sight.
how are you concerned with my affairs.
don't worry,everything will go off well .
don't worry,everything will be all right.
everybody makes mistake sometimes you know.
APOLOGY
I'm truely sorry,It was my mistake.
I'm so sorry for talking to you like that.
I' sorry,I have disturbed you.no not at all.
I'm sorry, I've broken your pencil.
it's ok.
I'm sorry, I'm late today?
I'm desparatly sorry, this was all entirely my fault.
Sir ,I'm truely sorry
it doesn't matter,but don't let it happen again.you Ok.
I'm extremely sorry for behaving like that.
I'm so sorry I made a slip.I meant sth different.
=========================
POLITE REQUESTS
could you stop talking aloud?
of course,sorry if it bothers.
would you mind if I take your book?
of course not.
would you mind waiting for a minute?
no,I will wait.
would you mind repeating what you just said?
why not.
may I speak with you?
Yes you may.
ASK PERMISSION
can I borrow you pen?
yeah,sure just take it.
do you mind if I take your book?
I don't,just use it.
COMMANDS
don't lie to me.
don't eat.
don't do it.
PROHIBITION
don't +be +non-verb.
don't be late.
don't lazzy.
don't be stupid.
===================================999999999
BEING LATE
Sth is wrong with my watch.
I'll be more careful next time.
I'm sorry I'm late today.
ABSENT
Sir he has got the flue.
Sir he has got cold.
He has a high temperature.
He might be ill today.
He is not keeping well now a days.
He wasn't feeling well so he went home,
He has played truant.
I've no idea.
I'm sorry I don't understand.
IN PROCESS OF LEARNING
shall I explain it once more?
sorry I cann't hear you.
softer,please.
can you kingly slow down a bit?
could you please repeat the first section?
could you please repeat the last bit./words.
It must be an idiom.I cann't make out anything in this sentence.
hand in the homework when you finish it.
which tense should we use here.
which form of verb should we use here?
Is it appropriate to
Do you have to use article before gold?
Do you have to place preposition after help?
this word means the same as .............
could you explain the meaning of ........?
what is the difference between them?
I'm so sorry I didn't understand?.
this is how we shall do it?
You will have to finish this in a half an hour.
say it again but this time a
Do it this way.Do it like this.
what's the English for........?
What does this phrase mean in this context?
what is the synonyms of ........?
what is antonym of ................?
Is there any difference between the word.......and the word.......?
how do you pronounce the word.........?
how do you spell ..........?
do we need coma here?
Let's talk about this chapter.
Let's read through the vocabulary first.
REQUEST
could I ask a question you.
may I go out.
could you help me please?
could I change seat with........?
can I help you?
sorry,what did you say?
ATTRACTING ATTENTION
look at me
attention please.
look over here.
look for a moment please.
EXAMPLE
here an appropriate example.
Do you understand the way I do it?
REMARKS ABOUT STUDENTS PROGRESS
It's good to see you working like that.
Pretty brilliant toil you are making.
the prettiest-cum-tip top assignment.
that's coming along nicely.
the best ever.
that it.
Three cheers for you.
You are half way there.
Right on!
that's perfectly corret.
That's nice.
That's great.
well done
very nice
very good
That's a lot better.
unfortunately not.
Wow!you did it.
very nice
very good
very fine
Finally I want you to check your exercise.
have you done your exercise yet?
======================================
Phrases
not that I know of.(is bary men man nahi janta)
Not know where/which way to turn?(nahi janta tha kahan jaun)
If you can go there
this afternoon,So much the better.(ye buhat hi acha hota)
You know what?
No matter what /why/when?
What sb says ,goes
So what?
What’s the use of….
What about?
What if………………..
For what it’s worth?
CLASSROOM ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Can you spell the word perfume?
How do you speak banana in English .
Banana
Can you repeat,please.
Read the text.
What is your nickname?
My nickname is
Where in Canada are you from?
What does it mean.
=========================================================
PRESENTATION ABOUT CLASSROOM ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
Good morning class
Good morning mam
How are you?
We are fine,mam, thank you.
Please/kindly have your seat.Kindly be seated.
what is in my pocket,oh it’s
pencil.
Can you spell the word pencil?
Yes mam.
p-e-n-c- i –l.
very good/well done. very nice.
Sit down
Anybody else.
Yes mam I should like to.
P-e-n-c-i-l
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fAk9tPhzEs
Is
she happy at school? Not that I know of?
EXPRESSIONS IN CLASS ROOM
ATTENDANCE IN CLASS
listen everybody,
hold your peace/tongue.stop your gab.stop being silly/childish.
I'm going to call the roll so listen to your name carefully,otherwise I'm not responsible for the absent.
LEAVING THE CLASS
See you in room 7 after the break.
get together in tuition.
all of you get outside now. Everybody outside.hurry up and come out.
form the queue and wait for your turn.
get into the queue.
get back in line.
everybody line up.
hello everyone its time to leace but before coming tomorrow to make it sure that you have completed your homework.
You have five minutes to do this.
CALLING FOR ATTENTION
Can I have your attention please?
HOMEWORK
Prepare the next chapter for Monday.
SEATS
get back to your seats.
back to your places.
PUNISHMENT
Do you mind if I sit down,sir?
WAITING FOR A MINUTE
I'm a bit tight up right now.
hang on a moment,please!
The bell hasn't gone yet.
just a moment,please.
Excuse me for a moment.
I'll be back in a moment.
Carry on with the exercise while I'm away.
PERIOD
The period has drawn to a completion.
WORK
Work by yourselves.
Have you finished?
Open your books at page 52.
Come out and write it on the board.
Could you try the next one?
Who would like to read?
Whose turn is it to read?
Which question are you on?
Who's next?
Next one, please.
You have ten minutes to do this.
· Your time is up.
Can anybody correct this sentence?
What page are we on?
• Shall I go on?
Come up to the (black) board.
Use a pencil to write in the workbook.
Take out your books, please.
Give out the books,please.
Alicia, share your book with Laura, please
Have you got a pencil? Can I borrow your
rubber?
Has anyone got a spare pen/pencil/rubber?
Can you lend me a rubber, please?
Show me your work.
Put your hand up if you don’t understand.
It’s not fair!• It’s your turn. It’s my tur
Wipe that silly smile off your face!
POLITE PERMISSION
Excuse me ...
May I come in
May I sit down
May I talk to my classmate?
May I go to toilet.
May I go to see the principal?
May I go to drink water?
Look this way.
Stop talking.
Listen to what ... is saying
Hard lines!
Never mind.
Better luck next time
I'm sorry (about that).
I'm truly sorry.
· Are your desks tidy?
· Don't forget to bring your ... tomorrow
SHORT PHRASES
WHILE GIVING THE TESTS OR EXAMINATIONS.
You have 5 minutes to finish it.
don't start yet.
you can start now.
time's up. time's over.
you have 10 more minutes
stop wrting everyone.
monitor! collect the papers.
may I come in please.
yes you may
what does this mean?
TO MAKE REQUEST POLITELY
could you stop talking aloud please?
of course,sorry if it bothers.
would you mind if I take your book?
of course, why not.
If you don't mind,should I take your......................?
yeah ,sure just take it
do you mind if I take your book
I don't just use it.
would you mind waiting for a minute?
No I will wait.
May I speak with you ?
yes,you may.
can I borrow your pen?
yeah ,sure just take it.
sure,here you are.
can you help me?
sure, no problem.
would you mind not making so much noise?
sorry,I didn't know, I was disturbing you.
please ,close the door on your way out?
all right ,I will do it?
Excuse me could move your legs please?
sorry ,I didn't know I was bothering you.
This is not the time to be wordy or to volunteer extra information. Simply come right to the point and ask for what you need. For example: Will you please pick me up from school tomorrow?
form groups and practice among your friends by making the same requests and giving the same responses.
MAKE AS MANY SENTENCES OF YOUR OWN AS YOU CAN
POSSIBLE REPLIES FORM THE STUDENTS/THE TEACHERS
SEVERAL WAYS ACCEPTING REQUESTS
ALL RIGHT
OK ,I'LL DO THAT
OK HERE YOU ARE
SURE,NO PROBLEM!
OH,SURE I'D BE GLAD TO.
SEVERAL WAYS TO REFUSE REQUESTS
Now using imperative sentences,make requests to each other at your pleasure.You may either accept or refuse the requests.
.... get me a glass of water .... post this letter for me
.... sing a song .... help me do my homework
.... scratch my back .... wash my shirt
.... polish my shoes .... give me a massage
........open the door.....please lend me a handcould you help me please?
could I change my seat with ...........?
could I ask a question you?
sorry , what did you say?
sorry,I didn't quite catch?
sir one more time please?
sir please , can you repeat that again?
now ,please mind it.
Pardon me ,when is the next class?
Excuse me,what time is the second period?
I think,Its due at 9o'clock.
sorry,I don't know.
Presenting the language of requests
Request forms that you might want to teach include, in approximate order by level:- Can I/you…?
- Could I/you…?
- I’d like…, please.
- Could I/you possibly…?
- May I…?
- Do you mind…?
- Would you mind…?
- I’d be very grateful if you could…
- … if it’s not too much trouble.
- Do you think that you could…?
- Would it be possible for me/you to…?
- I was hoping you could… (for me)
- I could do with some help with…
- You don’t mind…, do you?
========================================
what's the meaning of ............?
ASKING FOR PERMISSIONS
Sir, may I please go to drink water?
If you don't mind may go to the toilet?
would it be all right if bring you chalk?
bring you duster?
can could come in?
I borrow your pen?
can I change me seat with .............?
can I consign this to the basket?
take the day off tomorrow?
ask you something?
talk to Aden?
come in? sit down?
have a leave for tomorrow?
show my homework? yes take it over here.
go to principal/teacher?He wants to talk to me. Yes,of course/why not/yes you may/no never.you may not/certainly
go to my brother's classroom?
Yes,you may but don't be long.
WHILE GIVING EXAMINATION
you have five minutes to do this.
students .time's up.
stop writing.
monitor collect the papers.
Write it separately
SPEAKING PROCESS
first of all...........
secondly
next........
MOREOVER /in addition to/
after that...
then
finely.......
PUNISHMENT
put your hands up
put your hands down.
REMARKS ABOUT STUDENT
Your're turning to the worse.
OTHER PHRASES
It makes me no difference.It's all the same to me.
PHRASES WHEN GIVING FEEDBACK TO STUDENTS
AN ABSOLUTELY MARVELOUS BOOK CONTAINING SPOKEN ENGLISH STUFF.
http://www.slideshare.net/priyaNIIT/day-to-day-dialogues?related=1
============================
are you busy now?
are you ready now?
are you tired ?
are you married ?
are you angery with me?
are you interested that ?
are you employed?
are you mad?
are you Mr Zubair?
are the doors open?
is the admission open?
is she your sister?
are you aware ?
are they your relatives?
are you from abroad?
What is your name ?
what is your hobby?
what does she like?
what did you say?
what makes you laugh?
what brought you here?
what time is it?
what is time by your watch?
what is your father?
excuse me , what time is the train?
what do you do on Sunday?
what is your opinion?
what do you want?
what have you decided?
what time may hold in store?
what are you up to?
which question are you on ?
who has finished?
TALKING ABOUT PAST ACTIONS
what did you last sunday? I lend a hand to my mother.
where did you go? I went to visit my aunt in England?
when did you get back? I got back later the night after , around ten.
where did you stay last night? I stayed with my old girl friend.
what did John have for lunch? He had two loaves of buttered-bread.
what did joe eat last night He ate roasted-fish.
how was the weather? It was awful/so attractive/so charming.
which language does he speak? I speaks the English language.
what do you do Zubair? I am in F.A.second year.
INTEREST AND HABITS
what do you like doing? when I have a spare time,I like to play at cards with my friends.
what kind of hobbies do you have? I am interested in studing the literature.
what do you do in your spare time? I listen to the motivational speeches.
what is your hobby? studying books is my hobby.
in which subjects do you interest the most? I am interested in English and Ethics.
Are you sure he is coming?
pardon me, when is the next class?
CLASSROOM QUESTIONS
how do you say jana in English?/ what's the English for........?
How do you spell the word...?
You spelt wrong.
how do you pronounce the word.........?
What's the meaning of ...............in English ?
What does the word .................mean?
What is the english word for............?
do we need coma here?
Do you have to place preposition after help?
Do you have to use article before gold?
which tense should we use here.
which form of verb should we use here?
ADRESS AND BELONGINGS
Where in Canada are you from?
where do you belong to?
What is your adress?
what street do come from?
==============================
GOOD MANNERS
thanks /thank you very much.thanks a lot.
you have been a great help.thanks you very much.
it's nice of you to arrange everything at a short notice?
that's ok.
it's ok.
no problem.
I don't find words to express my heart felt thanks to you.
WELCOME MANNERS
welcome to you /nice to see you./I'm very pleased to have you here./see you here.
please come.
please have your seat.be seated please.please take a seat.
would you like sth to drink?
make your self at home.make yourself comfortable.
don't stand on ceremony.
please help youself.
please try this dish.It's quite tasty.
would you like second serving?
That's enough,thank you.
not really.
That's fine, thank you.
Don't stand on ceremony.
FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS
hey.....how dare you talk to me like that?
were you out of your mind to do such a thing?
stop telling me what to do and mind your business.
what the hell did you do that?
you are the right mess of that?
get lost
get out of my sight.
how are you concerned with my affairs.
don't worry,everything will go off well .
don't worry,everything will be all right.
everybody makes mistake sometimes you know.
APOLOGY
I'm truely sorry,It was my mistake.
I'm so sorry for talking to you like that.
I' sorry,I have disturbed you.no not at all.
I'm sorry, I've broken your pencil.
it's ok.
I'm sorry, I'm late today?
I'm desparatly sorry, this was all entirely my fault.
Sir ,I'm truely sorry
it doesn't matter,but don't let it happen again.you Ok.
I'm extremely sorry for behaving like that.
I'm so sorry I made a slip.I meant sth different.
=========================
WHEN MAKING POLITE REQUESTS
could you stop talking aloud?
of course,sorry if it bothers.
would you mind if I take your book?
of course not.
would you mind waiting for a minute?
no,I will wait.
would you mind repeating what you just said?
why not.
may I speak with you?
Yes you may.
can I borrow you pen?
yeah,sure just take it.
do you mind if I take your book?
I don't,just use it.
REQUEST
could I ask a question you.
may I go out.
could you help me please?
could I change seat with........?
can I help you?
could you close the door?
if you don't mind ,please close the door?
would you mind closing the door?
MAKING POLITE REQUESTS
can you repeat that again,please?
can I take your pencil/book etc?
have you any spare pencil?
can I borrow your pencil,please?
can someone lend me a book,please?
Teacher can I go to the board?
one more time,please.
COMMANDS
don't lie to me.
don't eat.
don't do it.
don't +be +non-verb.
don't be late.
don't lazzy.
don't be stupid.
===================================999999999
BEING LATE
Sth is wrong with my watch.
I'll be more careful next time.
I'm sorry I'm late today.
ABSENT
Sir he has got the flue.
Sir he has got cold.
He has a high temperature.
He might be ill today.
He is not keeping well now a days.
He wasn't feeling well so he went home,
He has played truant.
I've no idea.
I'm sorry I don't understand.
IN PROCESS OF LEARNING
shall I explain it once more?
sorry I cann't hear you.
softer,please.
can you kingly slow down a bit?
could you please repeat the first section?
could you please repeat the last bit./words.
It must be an idiom.I cann't make out anything in this sentence.
hand in the homework when you finish it.
Let's talk about this chapter.
sorry,what did you say?
ATTRACTING ATTENTION
look at me
attention please.
look over here.
look for a moment please.
EXAMPLE
here an appropriate example.
Do you understand the way I do it?
REMARKS ABOUT STUDENTS PROGRESS
It's good to see you working like that.
Pretty brilliant toil you are making.
the prettiest-cum-tip top assignment.
that's coming along nicely.
the best ever.
that it.
Three cheers for you.
THE PRETTIEST PICH OF BUNCH
You are half way there.
Right on!
that's perfectly corret.
That's nice.
That's great.
well done
very nice
very good
That's a lot better.
unfortunately not.
Wow!you did it.
very nice
very good
very fine
Finally I want you to check your exercise.
have you done your exercise yet?
======================================
CLASSROOM ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Banana
Can you repeat,please.
Read the text.
What is your nickname?
My nickname is
Where in Canada are you from?
=========================================================
PRESENTATION ABOUT CLASSROOM ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
Good morning class
Good morning mam
How are you?
We are fine,mam, thank you.
Please/kindly have your seat.Kindly be
seated.
what is in my pocket,oh it’s pencil.
Can you spell the word pencil?
Yes mam.
p-e-n-c- i –l.
very good/well done. very nice.
Sit down
Anybody else.
Yes mam I should like to.
P-e-n-c-i-l
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fAk9tPhzEs
Is she happy at school? Not that I know of?
IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING
ABOUT LESSON
Let's begin our lesson now.
Is everybody ready to start?
Open your books at page...
Let's read through the vocabulary first.
today we're going to start unite 6 ................at page 80
Turn to page ...
Repeat after me.
Again, please.
Any questions?
read aloud at your place.
I'm afraid I can't speak any louder
we'll do the rest of this chapter next time.
Do exercise 10 on page 23 for your homework.
This is your homework for today.
if any problem so far you can ask me right now. No let's move on.
use unless instead of if .not to keep the same meaning
note from these examples( I'm going to write on the blackboard).
make a note of this (I will check the time after that)
Is it appropriate to
could you explain the meaning of ........?
what is the difference between them?
I'm so sorry I didn't understand?.
this is how we shall do it?
You will have to finish this in a half an hour.
say it again but this time a
Do it this way.Do it like this.
QUESTION ABOUT THE LESSON
Is there any difference between the word.......and the word.......?
how do you spell ..........?
Can you spell the word perfume?
What does it mean.
are there any question?you spelt wrong.
write it together
TEACHER'S COMMANDS
how do you say jana in English?/ what's the English for........?
how do you spell educate?
What does arise mean?
how do you pronounce the word.........?
look at exercies 2 at page 45 in unite 9..........................?
What does this phrase mean in this context?
what is the synonyms of ........?
what is antonym of ................?
please underline this word.
this word means the same as .............
do we need coma here?
Do you have to place preposition after help?
Do you have to use article before gold?
which tense should we use here.
which form of verb should we use here?
Did you do your homework?
Yes,I did.
No, I didn't.
turn to page 6 in your workbook.
Is it difficult?
what else?
anything else?
anyone else? explain this.
stop playing with pencil.
stop talking and listen please.
put your hand up if you don't understand?
clean the board.
wipe that silly smile off your face?
stop acting the clown.
hand in your homework?
don't let it happen again? but next be careful.
where have you been?
why are you late?
stand by the desk.
show your exercise.
do essay .........on page 45 for your homework.
go to page 50.open your books at page 55.
Ali! be up and start saying your lesson.
CLASSROOM COMMANDS
tidy your desks?
tidy your classroom please?
take out your text books
please sit down
Please stand up
come here please
look this way
open your book to the page 36
open your book at the back
open your books to the front
open your notebooks.
answer the question.
use a led penciple
led pencil must be in your hand.
please underline this word. It means
stop working and listen to me.
look at the blackboard.
hands up/
quickly
be quiet please!
hurry up
speak louder
speak slower.
say it again please
clean the blackboard.
close the door
how do you spell the word...........?
what does ............mean?
switch off the fan/tube/energysaver/tap/motor/computer.
===========================================
===========================================---------
SHORT PHRASES
come again? what did you say?
it's getting late?
mind your own business.
I have nothing to do with that.
get even with
To repay with an equivalent act, as for revenge.
Phrases
not that I know of.(is bary men man nahi janta)
Not know where/which way to turn?(nahi janta tha kahan jaun)
If you can go there this afternoon,So much the better.(ye buhat hi acha hota)
You know what?
No matter what /why/when?
What sb says ,goes
So what?
What’s the use of….
What about?
What if………………..
For what it’s worth?
######################################################################
#########################################################################
########################################################################
CONVERSATIONAL EXPRESSIONS
Greet sb
good to see you
PUTTING FORWARD ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW
yes,but on the other hand,don't you think that.......
yes,but on the other hand,why don't you agree/think that....
but to look ot it from another point of view......
but wouldn't you agree that..?
ASKING FOR THE OPINIONS OF OTHERS
what /how about you?
would you agree that?
what are your views on .?
what's your opinions?
what do you think?
COMMENTING ON SOMETHING YOU KNOW NOTHER ABOUT
Actually ,I don't have any first-hand experience..........(but..)
persanally,I've never had anything to do ,,,,,,,,,,,
personally,Ive had very little to do with.
well,l've never been on ....but
well I've never interested in ...........but
POLITELY ASKING SOMEONETO REPEAT SOMETHING
I'm sorry I didn't catch your point.
I'm sorry I didn't quite catch that.
sorry,what was that again?
sorry,could you please repeate that again?
I'm so sorry but I'm not sure I understand correctly.
Do you mean........?
what was that again?
GIVING YOUR OPINIONS
from my point of view
as far as I know concerned
in opinion/view
persanally,I would say that
to my mind
for the matter to be believable I would like to say
The way I see things
I'm quite convinced that
to be quite honest frank
the way I see things it is...........
SILENT FILLERS
WELL, now,let me see
well what would you call it?
KEEPING THE DISCUSSION MOVING
let's go on to another point.
let's talk about that later.
let's talk about ...........
GETTING FURTHER INFORMATION
WOULD YOU MIND EXPLAING THAT A LITTLE MORE, PLEASE?
could you that explain that more fully?
could you tell me a bit more about that?
RESTATING AN IDEA
what I'm trying to say is.........
I mean.................................
To put it another way..............
what' s Aden means/say is that
Inquiring about Agreement or Disagreement
do/don't you agree,Mr jhon?
wouldn't you agree,Mr.......?
Expressing Agreement
yes that's righ /correct
you are right /correct
That's exactly what I think.
EXPRESSING DISAGREEMENT
i don't really agree with her /him.
I'm afraid I cann't agree with your opinions
that's not quite how I see it.
that's quite true but
I quite agree with you up to the point but.......
Expressing doubt or reservation
well, maybe,but I'm not sure about that.
I can see you point ,but I' m not sure I agree.
REFUTING A FACT
Actually,.........
well,I'm not sure that's right/correct because......
DISMISSING AN IRRELIVENT POINT
I'm afraid you are missing the point.
I don't think that has anything do with the goal of our discussion.
MAKING SUGGESTIONS
AGREEING WITH THE SUGESTION
OK,that makes sense
of course
certainly
yeah
REFUSING SUGESTION REQUESTION
I'm sorry but that's out the question.
unfortunately that is not possible.
INTREPTING
excuse me for interrepting, but.......
sorry to interrept,but.......................
sorry to bother you but.................
if I could just say/ask ..................
I just wanted to say/ask.............
so but.......
may i say sth
may I add something
may I ask a question
I would like to say sth about that?
delying
could I just finish?
could you first let me finnish me talk?
could I expose my views once more?
re-taking return
yes , but what I wanted to say was..........
going back to what I was saying about....
AS I was saying
Getting a point into a discussion
I'd like to add something here.
I want to add a bit here.
I would like to say something about your her his idea.
SEEKING CLARIFICATION
what do you mean?
sorry,I 'm not quite sure waht you mean?
I'm sorry , I don't quite follow.
I don't quite understand what you're saying.
Expressing preference
His idea is the ..............(best,most reasonable etc.
One of the most practicle items is ........,so we you should definitely take/use it.
EXPRESSING OPINIONS
personal view
I think.......
I belive......
what I think is..
I'd say that
it seems clear /obvious /evident to me that..
I have to say that.......
the way I see things ......
as far as I'm concerned
as I see it.......
SUGGESTION
how does it strike you?
neutral
I think what we should do is ...........
I think It would a good /sensible idea to........
I think the best way forwad would be to .........
informal
what about +verb(ing)
how about +verb(ing)
The most /main/key important thing is to......
It might be an idea to...........
you've really got to................
AGREEING AND DISAGREEING
yes,you're absolutely /quite right
that's good point.
that's what I think
absolutely.
I couldn't agree more!
agreeing in part
I see what you mean but.......
I take your point ,but ..........
I accept that ,but
that may be true,but
yes, perhaps,however........
well, yes but..........
yes, in a way however.......
hamm,possibly,but.....
yes,I agree up to the point,however...........
well ,you have a point there,but........
there's something there ,I suppose,however......
I guess you could be right, but........................
yes , I suppose so, however.............
that's worth thinking about,but...........
weak disagreement
I'm not sure about that
I'm afraid I cann't agree wilth you there.
DISAGREEING
I don't think that's right/correct
I differ to agree.
May be true , but I'm not concerned.
I disagree entirely.
IDENTIFY CAUSES
the reason (for .....)is that ....
the reason for is that
that's because of /due to............
what has brought this about/led to /caused this is...
Question
I've got a question about......
could I ask a question .........?
sorry ,could I just ask......?
Clarification
sorry I didn't follow what you said about.....
what did you mean when you said?
that's a very good question .the really is that........
To be honest ,that's a very difficult question because.....
That's a tough question to answer.
CHECKING
so you mean ......?
so you are saying...?
Expressing certainty
actually,
in fact,
abviously,
surely,
there's no doubt
COUNTERING POLITELTY
THAT may be so but
that may be true but
that might have been the case once but
may be ........but the problem is................
that's a good idea but...................
that' love to but..
possibly,but
.........but what I'm concerned with is ................
.........but what I'm afraid of is ......................
.........but what bothers me is........................
asking someone to repeat
pardon me?
excuse me?
pardon?
sorry?
I beg your pardon?
could you say that again ?
would you repeat that please?
would you mind repeating please?
sorry,what did you say?
sorry,what was that?
what's that again.
For EXPRESSING GRATITUDE
thank you for helping
I am grateful for your assisstence
thank you for your kind attention in this matter.(formal letter)
My sincere thanks. (less formal letter) d=-=====
================================================================================================================================
SHORT PHARSES
HOW
Loudly
Completely
Swiftly
Perfectly
Mainly
Quckly
Fast
Absolutely
Carefully
Carelessly
Slowly
Long
BITTly
anxiously
arrogantly
awkwardly
bashfully
beautifully
bitterly
bleakly
blindly
blissfully
boastfully
boldly
bravely
calmly
carefully
carelessly
cautiousl
clearly
cleverly
closely
continually
coolly
correctly
courageously
cruelly
curiously
deeply
deliberately
delightfully
diligently
doubtfully
easily
elegantly
energetically
enthusiastical
equally
especially
eventually
exactly
excitedly
extremely
faithfully
famously
fatally
ferociously
fervently
fiercely fondly
foolishly
fortunately
frankly
frantically
freely
frenetically
|
questionaL
rightfully
fully
furiously
generally
generously
gently
gladly
gleefully
gracefully
gratefully
greatly
greedily
happily
hastily
healthily
heavily
helpfully
helplessly
highly
honestly
hopelessly
honestly
hungrily
immediately
innocently
inquisitively
instantly
intensely
intently
interestingly
inwardly
irritably
lazily
lightly
likely
limply
lively
loftily
longingly
loosely
loudly
lovingly
loyally
madly
majestically
meaningfully
mechanically
merrily
miserably
mockingly
monthly
mortally
mostLT
mysteriously
naturally nearly
neatly
nervously
nicely
noisily
obediently
obnoxiously
oddly
offensively
officially
openly
optimistically
overconfidently
|
painfully
partially
patiently
perfectly
physically
playfully
politely
poorly
positively
potentially
powerfully
promptly
properly
punctually
quaintly
queasily
queerly
quicker
quickly
quietly
quirkily
quizzically
randomly
rapidly
rarely
readily
really
reassuringly
recklessly
regularly
reluctantly
repeatedly
reproachfully
restfully
righteously
rightfully
rigidly
roughly
rudely
safely
scarcely
scarily
searchingly
sedately
seemingly
seldom
selfishly
separately
seriously
shakily
sharply
sheepishly
shrilly
shyly
silently
slowly
smoothly
softly
solemnly
solidly
sometimes
soon
speedily
stealthily
sternly
strictly
|
sweetly
swiftly
sympathetically
tenderly
tensely
terribly
thankfully
thoroughly
thoughtfully
tightly
Tremendously
triumphantly
truthfully
truly
truthfully
ultimately
unabashedly
unaccountably
unbearably
unethically
unexpectedly
unfortunately
unimpressively
unnaturally
unnecessarily
upbeat
upright
upside
down
upward
urgently
usefully
uselessly
usually
utterly
vacantly
vaguely
vainly
valiantly
vastly
verbally
very
viciously
victoriously
violently
vivaciously
voluntarily
warmly
weakly
wearily
well
wetly
wholly
wildly
willfully
wisely
woefully
wonderfully
worriedly
wrongly
yawningly
yearly
yearningly
yesterday
yieldingly
youthfully
zealously
zestfully
sleepily
|
HOW
OFTEN
1.
Always
2.
Usually
3.
Normally
4.
generally
5.
Often
6.
Sometimes
7.
Hardly
ever
8.
Seldom
9.
Ever
10. Never
11.
Continuously
12.
Occasionally
13.
Once
14.
Again
15.
frequently
16.
Two times a month
17.
Once a year/week
|
WHEN
1. Soon
2. Tomorrow
3. In days
4. next
5.
Then
6.
shortly
presently
7.
Yesterday
8.
ago
9.
last
10.
recently
11.
At the moment
12.
At present
13.
Now
14.
currently
15. Before
16. After
17. Early
18. Still
19. Yet
20. Already
21. To night
22. To day
23. Later/earlirr
|
WHERE
1. Here
2. There
3. Inside
4. Outside
5. In
6. Over
7. Down
8. Everywhere
9. Somewhere
10. Nowhere
11. Anywhere
12. Upwards
13. Downwards
14. Downstairs
15. Upstairs
16. Undergroun
17. Homeward
18. Seaward
19. Upwards
20. Downwards
21. Backwards
22. Forwards
23. About
24. Around
25. Above
26. Straight
27. First/last
28. Latter/former
29. Back
30. Away
31. Abroad
32. Far
33.
annually
34.
daily
35.
fortnightly
36.
hourly
37.
monthly
38.
nightly
39.
quarterly
40.
weekly
41.
yearly
|
How much
before
verb+after verb+after object if one
badly
completely
greatly
seriously
strongly
totally
a lot/a bit
very much
before
verb
almost
largely
nearly
really
quite
pretty
before adj
or adv
awfully
extremely
absolutely
perfectlly
fairly
pretty
quiteff
rather
really
utterly
very
to modify
clause and preposition
entirely
just
largely
mainly
partly
simply
before adj
adv /many much few little
too
after
adj/adv
enough
Scarcely
Barely
Hardly
Almost
,nearly.
all but
,just about,
By far(3thdegree)
Much(before comp dg)
Far
much(cop dg)
Fully
Intensely
|
|||
Adjective
|
Adverb
|
|||||||||
close
|
close
|
|||||||||
daily
|
daily
|
|||||||||
early
|
early
|
|||||||||
Fair
|
fair
|
|||||||||
Far
|
far
|
|||||||||
fast
|
fast
|
|||||||||
free
|
free
|
|||||||||
hard
|
hard
|
|||||||||
high
|
high
|
|||||||||
Late
|
late
|
|||||||||
Like
|
like
|
|||||||||
lilkely
|
likely
|
|||||||||
Live
|
live
|
|||||||||
long
|
long
|
|||||||||
Low
|
low
|
|||||||||
right
|
right
|
|||||||||
wide
|
wide
|
|||||||||
wrong
|
wrong
|
|||||||||
===========================
ADVERB
OF AFFIRMATION AND NAGATION
1. No
2. Not
3. Never
4. yes
5. Perhaps
6. Undoubtedly
7. Certainly
8. By all means
9. By no means
10. On no account
|
Adverbs of cause and effect
1. So
2. because
3. Therefore
4. Hence
5. Consequently
6. Resultantly
7.
accordingly
since (because) now that(because now) inas much as (because) as/so long as(because) |
Adverbs of interrogation
interrogative pro-adverb
|
Relative adverbs
1.
Where-in/onwhich(location)
3. When- on/inwhich (time)
4. how (manner)
5. why/wherefore for which(reason)
6. whether (choice between alternatives)
7. whence (source)
8.
whence .to the place from which.
"he
will be sent back whence he came"
as a consequence of which.
whence
it followed that the strategies were obsolete
wherefore as a result of which.
Profoundly he respected me
wherefore I exchanged him very much respect.
Whither
1.
to whatever
place; wherever.
2.
"we
could drive whither we pleased"
|
Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
SUBORDINATING CONJ
As soon as
As long as
as far as
As well as
As much as
Now that
Now since
Now whenConjunctions Time
1.
BEFORE
2.
after
3.
as long
as
4.
as soon
as
5.
before
6.
by the
time
7.
now that
8.
once
9.
since
10.
till
11.
until
12.
when
13.
whenever
14. while
. Place
Conjunctions indicating place are:
whence, where, wherever, whither
Examples:
Conjunctions of Comparison
as compare to
|
CAUSE AND EFFECT
1.
because
2.
now.
3.
So
4.
In
order that
5.
As if
6.
Now
that
7.
When
8.
Since
9.
As
10.
Coumpound phrase
11.
SEEING THAT/AS
12.
Now that(inas much as/in so far as)
13.
When
14.
For the reason that,
15.
in view of the fact that,
16.
owing to the fact that
CONDITION
1.
As long as
2.
Unless /till/until
3.
Provided that
4.
On the condition that
5.
if
6.
only if
7.
provided
that
8.
assuming
that
9.
even if
10. in case (that)
CONTRAST
1.
ALTHOUGH
2.
THOUGH
3.
EVEN THOUGH
4.
EVEN IF
5.
WHEREAs
|
Relative
Adjective
RELATIVE ADVERB
1. Where
2. When
3. Why
Relative Pronoun
1.
who
MISCELLANEOUS
manner
as if how like unlike |
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
1.
Not
only…………but also
2.
Either
…………….or
3.
Neither.....nor
4.
Although…yet
5.
Hardly…..when
6.
No
sooner…..than
7.
Lest
….should
8.
Whether…..or
9.
Too……….to
10.
So………that
11.
No
less……than
12.
Rather…….than
13.
Both…and
14.
Not
to speak of…even
15.
As…..as (itna jitna)
16.
So
…as (asa vesa –itna jitna)
17.
Same….as (asa hi-vesa hi jesa-vahi jesa)
18.
Such
…..as (esa jesa)
19.
So……that
(itna kh)
20.
As…….so
(jesa asa)
21.
Just
so…so as
22.
what
with . . . and
23.
rather
. . . than
24.
if
. . . then
25.
just
as . . . so
|
COMPOUND CONJUNCTIONS
1.
|
CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
1. For
2. And
3. Nor
4. But
5. Or
6. Yet
7. so
Subject-verb
agreement
Watch out! The verb which follows two subjects joined by a
correlative conjunction must agree with the second subject, NOT the
first:
Either my brother or my mum
looks after our cat when we’re
away on holiday.
Either my brother or my parents look after our cat when we’re away on holiday. Neither the manager nor his assistant is here today. Neither the manager nor his assistants are here today. |
==================
NOUN:is the name of person place or thing or idea is called
noun.As:Amir,Asif,Jhon.book,table,furniture,honesty,,Pakistan
etc
It is used as subject,direct object,indirect object,complement,appositive, |
COMMON NOUN: a name of
non-particular person place or thing is called
persons,boys,girls,books,newspapers,magazines,countries,cities,towns,states,mountains,hills,rivers,canal,lakes
|
PROPER NOUN: a name of particular person, place or thing is called
The name of persons:alllama
Iqbal,Quaid-i-Azam,Fakhar Zubair,Zohaib.Rimsha.Abdul Wahid
The names of the holy
books,newspapers,magazines,poetry,novels,dramas are proper nouns.Quran,Taurat,Injeel,Zabur.The
Nawa-i-Waqat.The Express.
The names of the country and its
nationalities, continents,Pakistan,India ,America.Afghanistan,The Britain.the Pakistani,the Indian,the
American
The names of the clubs ,teams and institutions
The Pakistan Team.The Tigers.The Lahore Lines. Islamic Foundation Welfare
Society.
The names of the ships and boats
The names of the cities , mohallahs
,towns ,tribes and states .villages ,roads, Sangla Hill,Sheikupura,Iqbal
pura,Shadhara,Bhughti Triibe.Quraish,New York,Maxico.FaisalabadRoad
The names of the mountains ,hills ,sea
,oceans ,river ,canal ,lakes ,streams ,gulfs,
The names of the special
holidays,celebrations and anniversaries,religion ,festivals ,events are
proper nouns
The names of the days of the week
are proper nouns
The names of the moths of the year
are proper nouns
The names of the buildings and
institutions are proper nouns
They
almost always have a capital letter as their first letter. Example:
|
An abstract noun names an idea, event, quality, or
concept/is a noun of non-physical object is called abstract noun.
Emotions/Feelings Love,hate,anger,peace,pride,sympathy
States/Attributes Bravery Loyalty Honesty Integrity Compassion Charity
Success Courage Deceit Skill Beauty Brilliance Pain Misery
Ideas/Concepts/Ideals beliefs dreams justice truth faith liberty knowledge thought information culture trust dedication Movements/Events Progress education hospital leisure trouble friendship relaxation adventure energy intelligence sacrifice amazement anxiety awe beauty bravery chaos charity childhood comfort communication curiosity dedication ,democracy ,determination ,failure ,faith ,fear,freedom happinesss,honesty,justice,joy ,kindness,happiness,knowledge,
Laughter,liberty,life,luck,luxury,materity,memory,motivation,music,opportunity,pain,patience,perseverance,pleasure,power,pride.relaxation,satisfaction,strength,
Success,talent,trust,warmth,wisdom
RULES
abstract noun is uncountable nouns _don’t take plural
form_cannot take an articles(a,an,the)
As: love freedom courage etc |
Concrete nouns
name something recognizable through the sense (table,
dog, house...)the name of physical object is called concrete noun. The
name that you can see or smell,taste
or touch is called concrete noun.
|
Material Noun
is the name of a material or a
substance or an ingredient of an alloy.A name of matter from which something is made
Few
of the Material Nouns
: Gold SaltIron Silver Bronze Brass
Copper Steel Aluminium Lead Gem Diamond Coral Coal Calcium Plastic
Rubber Glass Fibre Paper Paint Plywood Synthetics Cement Shampoo Wine Soap Tar
Perfume Chemical Rexene
RULES Material: nouns are also uncountables and are not used
in the plural and take a singular verbs.
|
A collective noun is the word used for a group of people or things or describes a group of
things or people as a unit
Groups of people -
army, audience, band, choir, class, committee, crew, family, gang, jury,
orchestra, police, staff, team, trio faculty
Groups of animals -
colony, flock, herd, pack, pod, school, swarm
Groups of things -
bunch, bundle, clump, pair, set, stac
they should be treated as singular or plural.
+ When a group is
considered as a single unit, the collective noun is used with a singular verb
and singular pronoun.
The committee has reached its decision.
When the focus is on the individual parts of the group, British
English sometimes uses a plural verb and plural pronouns.
For example - "The committee have been arguing all morning
|
Countable
nouns the names which can be counted.In the following, the words
underlined are countable nouns: one man
twenty apples/five houses/a
hundred pencils/a thousand students/a dozen cakes/a
number of boys/a few rascals/many children/several
days
countable nouns can
co-occur with quantificational determiners
I have several questions
to ask you.. This sentence is grammatical, as the noun thief can take the modification
of the quantificational determiner several.
|
UNCOUNTABLE
NOUNS are nouns which cannot be
counted.
General homework equipment luggage
clothing furniture machinery gold silver cotton glass jewelry perfume soap paper
wood petrol gasoline baggage hair
traffic blood energy air water
Abstract advice help fun
recreation enjoyment information knowledge news patience happiness progress
confidence courage education intelligence
space energy laughter peace pride
Food food
flour meat rice cake bread ice cream cheese toast pasta spaghetti butter oil
honey soup fish fruit salt tea coffee
Weather thunder lightning snow rain sleet ice heat humidity
hail wind light darkness air
Languages English Portuguese Hindi Arabic Japanese
Korean Spanish French Russian Italian Hebrew Chinese
Subjects/Fields mathematics
economics physics ethics civics art architecture music photography grammar
chemistry history commerce engineering politics sociolog y psychology vocabulary archaeology poetry
Sports golf tennis baseball
basketball soccer football cricket hockey rugby chess poker bridge
Activities swimming walking
driving jogging reading writing listening speaking cooking sleeping studying
working
Rules: Uncountable noun are used as singular
and take singular verb and the pronoun its
The furniture is dusty. In this,the furniture
is singular noun and therefore takes singular verb is
The determiners a/an, every, and
each are only used with singular countable nouns..astuff,a furniture a
love are incorrect .
The following quantifiers will work with count nouns: The following quantifiers will
work with non-count nouns:
the underlined words are uncountable nouns The underlined words are countable nouns.
not much dancing
many trees
a little dancing a few trees little dancing few trees a bit of dancing several trees a good deal of dancing a couple of trees a great deal of dancing none of the trees no dancing The following quantifiers will work with both count and non-count nouns: all of the trees/dancing some trees/dancing most of the trees/dancing enough trees/dancing a lot of trees/dancing lots of trees/dancing plenty of trees/dancing a lack of trees/dancing
In
formal academic writing, it is usually better to use many and much
rather than phrases such as a lot of, lots of and plenty of.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS are nouns which cannot be
counted. countable
nouns are nouns which can be counted.
In the following, the words underlined are
uncountable nouns
a glass of water
a plate of rice
a bottle of oil
a tin of milk
a handful of sand
a lot of dust
a little salt
a kilo of sugar
a tin of paint
a drop of blood
Verbal nouns or participial nouns are the names of some
actions, or states of being; and are formed from a verb, like a participle,
but employed as a noun: as,
"The triumphing of the wicked is
short."—Job
|
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives
modify nouns and pronouns, giving a description or more
information. a word which adds meaning to another noun or pronoun.Good boy/attractive sight/long journey/popular
politician/interesting story.bad idea/false excuse/difficult
question/pretty girl/deep knowledge/cruel Indian soldier/dangerous
effects/boring period/sweet mango
An adjective clause is simply a group of words with a
subject and a verb that provides a description,or give more information about a noun or pronoun
|
Adjective
of quality a
word which modifies noun or pronoun is called adjective.=A word which adds quality to another noun or pronoun.
There are several kinds of adjectives
|
Numberal adjectives:tell us the number(how many) of a noun
or pronoun.
They are of two types such
as Definite Numberal Adjective and Indefinite
Numberal Adjective
Indefinite Numberal Adjectives
Many/a few. I have a few coins(we don’t know exactly
how many mangoes are)
a few rascals
many children
several days/several
ways.certuries/decades
Some/any/all
The whole universe
Most shops
Enough water
Sufficient milk
Certain question
Great idea
Definite Numberal Adjectives are
of two kinds:both cardinal numbers(one,two,three,four……….)and ordinal numbers(first,second,third,fourth,fifth……….)
one man/twenty
apples/five houses/a hundred pencils/a
thousand students
|
Adjective of quantity tell us the number (how many) the
amount (how much)of something
An adjective of
quantity is followed by a single uncountable noun and takes singular verb as well.after it. AS__ I have brought some milk.All the milk has fallen.
Much homework,time,energy,/a
little salt,patience,meal,trouble/some money some time, some news, some bread, some salt, some
mail/any method,advice,gold/all bread.
Enough enough courage,
enough wisdom, enough spaghetti, enough time
No no trouble, no grass, no scenery, no money,
no furniture
Great idea
sufficient (sth that
is enough to fulfill needs)
certain
too
all the/the whole –all
her /whole her life
most
adequate behavior
|
Demonstrative adjectives are used to point out a noun. :this
these/that-those/such/same/so are distributive adjectives
Example:This question is very difficult.these flowers are
very beautiful.That picture costs upto five thousands.I don’t believe such
stories.My friend is very nice person and will remain so.
|
Possessive adjectives show
possession.They are always followed by a noun
My+noun My house is very far from here.
Our+ noun our
mission should be to destroy the ignorance.
Your+ noun what
is your name?
His+ noun
His father is an engineer.
Her+ noun She
has done her homework.
Its+ noun the
bird are building its nest.
Their+noun They
have sold their house.
|
PART TWO
Interrogative Adjectives are used to ask questions.Thy are
always followed by a nouns
Which+book……….. which book do you like the most?
What+ person……… what person is your teacher.
Whose+ pen………… whose pen is this.
Whose –(of whom) used to ask an owner that may be the subject or the object
Whose is this wallet? Whose brother stood
first? My brother stood first.(Subject)
Whose book is
this? This
is my book.
(Object)
|
|
Distribitive adjectives expresse the distributive stat e of a noun.There four distributive
adjectives in English such as each,every,either,neither.
They are used with a singular noun and singular verb.
I rise with a new thinking each
day. Neither accusation is acceptable. Either person is
traitor.Every man must do his duty.Neither ansmer is correct.=Neither
girl is so wise here.
Before a pronoun or noun with determiner( the a an my
many much etc)distributive adjectives are used with----- of--------.each
of/every one of/either of.neither of
Then thery are always followed by a plural nouns but take
singular verb after it.
AS:Neither of these questions is correct.Either of you is
a thief. Every one of the plants has gone withered.Each of days is very
problematic for me.
|
|
Relative adjectives
Which /what/tha/whichever/whatever
Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.
Students who are intelligent get good
grades.
Pizza, which most people love, is
not very healthy.
The girl who is running is my best friend.
The marks that you has secured will worry your mother.
Here are the books whichever you like you can take
|
|
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS are nouns which
cannot be counted.
4. In the following, the words
underlined are uncountable nouns:
a glass of water
a plate of rice
a bottle of oil
a tin of milk
a handful of sand
a lot of dust
a little salt
a kilo of sugar
a tin of paint
a drop of blood
1. First, countable nouns are
nouns which can be counted.
2. In the following, the words
underlined are countable nouns:
one man
twenty apples
five houses
a hundred pencils
a thousand students
a dozen cakes
a number of boys
a few rascals
many children
several days
|
|
=========================================
bathed in sunlight
ashamed of
accustomed to
amused with
clothed in
composed of
addicted to
acquainted with
covered in / with
convinced of
committed to
annoyed about/at
disappointed in /
by/ with
frightened of / by
connected to
associated with
dressed in
made of / from
dedicated to
blessed with
engaged in work
scared of
devoted to
bored with
interested in
terrified of
aggrieved about (unfairly treated)
accomplished at
amused by / with
alienated from
annoyed about / with
adept at (skilled)
confused by
divorced from
concerned about
alarmed at
delighted
about/at/by/with
kept from
confused about / by
amazed at
distressed by
made from / of
defensive about
amused at / by /
with
embarrassed by
excited about
astonished at
entertained by
refrained from
pleased about
delighted
about/at/by/with
exhausted by
stopped from
protected from
delighted
about/at/by/with
angry at / with
encouraged by
removed from
|
engaged to
coordinated with
involved in
tired of
limited to
covered with
rooted in (origin)
married to
crowded with
opposed to
delighted by/with/at
related to
disappointed with/in
fascinated with/by
based on (origin)
filled with
bent on (intent on)
finished with
(dependent on)
frustrated with
furnished with
impressed with/by
passed over
pleased with
satisfied with
upset with
undecided about
gifted at (skilled)
frightened by
separated from
pleased at / with
impressed by
discriminated
against
puzzled at
influenced by
known for
rallied against
skilled at
overwhelmed by
prepared for
surprised at/ by/
with
relaxed by
qualified for
talented at
terrified by
remembered for
|
·
excite - exciting - excited
frighten - frightening - frightened
humiliate - humiliating - humiliated
infuriate - infuriating - infuriated
inspire - inspiring - inspired
insult - insulting - insulted
interest - interesting - interested
intimidate - intimidating - intimidated
intrigue - intriguing - intrigued
mislead - misleading - misled
mystify - mystifying - mystified
overwhelm - overwhelming - overwhelmed
please - pleasing - pleased
puzzle - puzzling - puzzled
refresh - refreshing - refreshed
relax - relaxing - relaxed
reward - rewarding - rewarded
satisfy - satisfying - satisfied
shock - shocking - shocked
sicken - sickening - sickened
startle - startling - startled
surprise - surprising - surprised
tempt - tempting - tempted
terrify - terrifying - terrified
threaten - threatening - threatened
tire - tiring - tired
welcome - welcoming - welcomed
worry - worrying – worried
captivate - captivating - captivated
challenge - challenging - challenged
charm - charming - charmed
comfort - comforting - comforted
compel - compelling - compelled
confuse - confusing - confused
convince - convincing - convinced
depress - depressing - depressed
devastate - devastating - devastating
disappoint - disappointing - disappointed
disgust - disgusting - disgusted
distract - distracting - distracted
distress - distressing - distressed
disturb - disturbing - disturbed
embarrass - embarrassing - embarrassed
enchant - enchanting - enchanted
encourage - encouraging - encouraged
entertain - entertaining - entertained
|
The following words are past participle adjectives
verb - present participle - past participle
aggravate - aggravating - aggravated
alarm - alarming - alarmed
amaze - amazing - amazed
amuse - amusing - amused
annoy - annoying - annoyed
appall - appalling - appalled
astonish - astonishing - astonished
astound - astounding - astounded
bewilder - bewildering - bewildered
bore - boring - bored
calm - calming - calmed
|
PRONOUNS..................
Pronoun A word that is used in place of a noun.
|
Personal pronoun a word that is used in place of a noun.
I(my,me) We(our,us) you(your,you) he(his,him) she(her) it (its,it)they(their,them) |
Possessive
pronoun tell us who owns something.
They are mine,ours,yours,his,hers,theirs.This bag is mine.Yours is on
the coffee table.We should not talk about the habits of theirs.
|
Distributive pronoun
each of ...................everyoneEach of
these girls deserved a reward.Everyone of the girls is smiling.
either of ................any of We may take either of these two books.. Any of our
enemies can attack our land.
neither..............none of/no one of Neither of them writes well. None of them will
admitted their mistake
Note that a distributive
pronoun is always singular and as such it should be followed by a singular
noun and verb.
each/either/neither will be used in
speaking of two persons places or things when more than two are spoken of,any
,none or on one are
Either of ,neither of,each of are followed by plural nouns and singular
verb.
|
The reflexive pronouns
refer back to the subject of a
sentence.
are
myself,ourselves,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves.
I told him myself.(myself refers back to I).He is liar
himself.(himself refers back to He)
|
|
Demonstrative pronoun points out a
nouns.this ,these,that those,such,same,so
That is a good idea.
These are hilarious cartoons.
|
Indefinite
pronoun are
used for non-specific things or people/express some person or thing but we
don’t know exactly whom.
Somebody, something, someone
Anybody, anything, anyone
Everybody, everything, everyone
Nobody, nothing, no one
One,other,single,sole,
Some,any,all
Many,a few
Much,a little
Several,certain,both,others,
|
Relative pronoun.
A
word which creates relation to another noun
A
relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces an adjective
clause.
Here's a list of pronouns that belong to this important
category...
Who.......whom used only for human beings
whose....that
used only for human beings,animals,birds and lifeless objects.
which
used only for animals,birds and lifeless objects.
what the thing or things that
(used in specifying something).
jo/jis ny .............
who .....Give this to the boy who wins the race.
jis ka/jis ki/jis ky ... whose..This is Mohan, whose mobile phone was stolen
last week.
jisy.jis ko..................whom....Rita, whom
you praised in class yesterday, is my sister
jo/jis ny.....................which...
This is the problem, which we are
struggling to solve.
jo/jisny/jissy ............ that......This is the day that we
have waited for so long.
jo/jisy/jis ko..............what..... Eat what is set before you.
what we need is a commitment"
That which; the thing that: Listen to what I tell you.
Whatever thing that : come what may.
Whoever the person or people who; any
person who….."whoever did it
hated him"
Whomever
used instead of
“whoever” as the object of a verb or preposition."I'll sing whatever I like to
whomever I like"
Whatever no matter what. "do whatever you like"
Whichever selecting one of a definite set of alternatives. choose the book whichever you like
Relative pronoun is used to add more
information to the noun or pronoun.
Relative pronoun introduces
clause or a part of a sentence that
describes a noun or pronoun.
You also have Compound Relative Pronouns.
They
are: whoever, whatever, whichever, whosoever, whatsoever, and whichsoever.
|
Interrogative pronouns
Something is wrong with this motor bike.(something-not a
specific person)
These
look like Relative Pronouns, but have a different function. We use them for
asking questions. There are three of them
Who -
what or which person or
people. used to ask a subject.Who
spoke first? Aden spoke first.
Whose –(of whom) used to ask an owner
that may be the subject or the object
Whose is this wallet? Whose stood
first? Her stood first.(Subject)
Whose is
this? This
is mine. (Object)
Whom - used to ask an object of a sentence Whom do you seek?
Which - used to ask a
certain thing or preson. Which is your seat?
What
- used to ask about a thing or person as
subject or the object
What is your name?
What caused
destruction? Their
black deeds caused destruction. (Subject)
What are the students doing? They are doing homework. (object)
|
Reflexive
pronoun
He…….himself . He called me himself.
She ……herself I sent a message myself.
It………itself it build its nest itself.
I………..myself I saw myself in the mirror
We…….ourselves we deny this charge ourselves.
You........yourselves you are responsible for this loss yourselves.
They......themselves They payed a visit themselves.
|
Reciprocal pronoun
|
TEXT VOCABLUARY
Holy
|
|
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companion
|
|
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migrate
|
|
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chiefs
|
|
|||||||||||
various
|
more
than one; individual and separate.
"various
people arrived late"
|
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know
|
|
|||||||||||
About
|
on the
subject of; concerning.
I was
thinking about you"
|
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furious
|
|
|||||||||||
Determined
|
ntent
on, bent on, set on, insistent on, resolved to, firm about, committed to; single-minded
about, obsessive about
|
|||||||||||
than
|
||||||||||||
find
|
discover
(someone or something) after a deliberate search.
"in
this climate it could be hard to find a buyer" synonyms:
|
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offer
|
present
or proffer (something) for (someone) to accept or reject as so desired.
"may I offer you a drink?"
|
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Rewards
|
a thing
given in recognition of one's service, effort, or achievement.
"the
holiday was a reward for 40 years' service with the company"
|
|||||||||||
capture
|
take
into one's possession or control by force.
"the
Russians captured 13,000 men"
|
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Alive
alive
|
(of a
person, animal, or plant) living, not dead.
"hopes
of finding anyone still alive were fading"
|
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preparation
journey services regard give title |
go on a short excursion or journey for pleasure.
"they went jaunting through Ireland"
a long arduous journey, especially one made on foot.
"a trek to the South Pole"
the action of helping or doing work for someone.
"millions are involved in voluntary service"
Idioms:
as regards
In reference or relation to; with respect to.
in/with regard to
In reference or relation to; with respect to.
in/with regards to
In reference or relation to; with respect to.
freely transfer the possession of (something) to (someone); hand over to.
"they gave her water to drink"
a word such as Senator or Dame that is used before someone's name, or a form that is used instead of someone's name, to indicate high social or official rank.
"he will inherit the title of Duke of Marlborough"
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Nice Post:
ReplyDeleteI Take Your Question Meaning